viernes, 25 de mayo de 2007

Proyectos llevados a cabo con ontologías y agentes.

El potencial de las ontologías en todos los campos de aplicación de los agentes software es evidente, por lo que el descubrimiento de información en Internet, con los problemas que plantea no podría ser una excepción.

Los principales roles que pueden desempeñar las ontologías son:

  • Como repositorios para la organización de conocimientos e información, tanto de tipo corporativo como científico.
  • Como herramienta para la adquisición de información, en situaciones en la que un equipo de trabajo la utiliza como soporte común para la organización del dominio.
  • Como herramienta de referencia en la construcción de sistemas basados en el conocimiento, ya que la utilización consistente de los términos que supone es básica en la ingeniería del conocimiento.
  • Para permitir la reutilización del conocimiento ya existente, en la creación de nuevas aplicaciones.
  • Como base para la construcción de lenguajes de representación del conocimiento, acompañada de la formalización del cálculo que tenga lugar entre los términos.
Han sido numerosos los proyectos y experiencias que se han desarrollado en Internet, utilizando ontologías, o lo están siendo en este momento.

Uno de los más conocidos de estos proyectos es el servidor Ontolingua, fruto del KSE, que ofrece las herramientas necesarias para crear ontologías, integrarlas con otras ya existentes e incorporarlas en nuevos proyectos.

Otro enfoque diferente es el aportado por Luke, Spector y Rager (1996), que han desarrollado SHOE (Simple HTML Ontology Extensions), que es un complemento semántico a HTML, el cual refleja el contenido de la página web, y que puede ser utilizado por agentes para el descubrimiento de información. Posteriormente, SHOE ha evolucionado hacia RDF y CG, siendo más reciente la especificación OML (Ontology Markup Language).

Otro proyecto fue el llevado a cabo por Gerry M. Kierman, con el nombre de CyberStacks. Se pretendía ofrecer al usuario un listado de recursos de información en internet, organizados según una clasificación, subclases y descripciones particulares. Sin embargo, por el momento no ha integrado completamente ontologías en su servidor, y tampoco dispone de agentes capaces de aprovechar esas ontologías.

En el ámbito de la medicina, cuya necesidad de normalización y rigor semántico es crucial, debe destacarse el proyecto UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) desarrollado por la National Library of Medicine, que utiliza las ontologías como una herramienta más para la recuperación y acceso a la información biomédica.

Actualmente en AgentCities, existe un grupo de trabajo centrado en el desarrollo de Ontologías. Nuestros compañeros del grupo LIMIA nos explican en su blog un poco más de este proyecto.

También se están llevando a cabo otros proyectos como el Knowledge Sifter, que es un sistema escalable basado en agentes que permite el acceso a fuentes de información heterogéneas como pueden ser la Web, repositorios open-source, bases de datos XML y la emergente web semántica, de la cual podemos encontrar más información en el blog de nuestros compañeros del grupo LONIA.

Referencias : Agentes y ontologías para el tratamiento de información. Dr. Jesús Tramullas.

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